Introduction:
As you know that the Linux is an open-source operating system just like other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS, iOS, Google android, etc used. It is broadly used to denotes a complete family of free and open-source software operating system (for which we need not require to pay anything) distributions. These are completely get built around the Linux kernel. It was first started as a clone of the MINIX operating system. In order to bring such things feasible, some Open-source contributors are going to add the kernel of Linux and side by side they also expanded the feature of the hardware compatibility. So, the most important and reliable feature of Linux’s hardware is that it can support much hardware without having any compatibility issues and they are free. So,the free licensing made the Linux to become more popular choice for everyone for desktop and server computing.
Here I am going to discuss the following important aspect related to python and I hope it will help you to understand the Linux in more details.
Linux Basic Commands:
If you need to be familiar with Linux, first you need to understand the basic commands for Linux. Hence, I am going to discuss a list of useful Linux commands here which will guide you and will be of help no matter which Linux Curriculum you choose to learn from. It should be noted that the Linux provides a CLI (Command Line Interface) to communicate with the OS. Here are the most basic of the Linux Commands.
pwd: This command is basically used in Linux to displays the current working directory where the user is using the terminal.
syntax:$ pwd
echo: When we need to write its arguments to standard output on a terminal then this command is being used.
syntax:$ echo “<text>”
Note: It should also be noted that when we need to use to switch to root-user and sometimes the super user permissions if we need to execute then this command is basically used.
su: This command is basically get used when we need to switch to a different user.
syntax:$ su
su <username>: Like similar to above, this command is mainly we are going to used when we need to switch to a different user and specifically whose name must be get passed as the argument.
syntax:
$ su <username>
sudo: When we are going toexecutes only the command with root/ superuser privileges then this command is mostly get used otherwise not.
syntax:$ sudo <command>
clear: When we are going to clear the content of the terminal then this command is used. By using this the Contents will not actually be deleted in this case but present below the terminal. If we need to see, then we need to scrolled down.
syntax:
$ clear
Note: I have discussed the important command above which we are going to use more frequently here. But if you need to understand then you can reach to us.
Linux Commands: Working with Files
Working with files are the most important need for every programmer and thus we need to have the idea on it that how we are going to work with this. To have a small glance I am going to discuss the few important command here.
. cp
This command copies files and directories. Here it should be get noted that while doing the copy, a copy of the file/directory copied, still remains in the working directory.
syntax:
$ cp <flag> {filename} /pathname/
Here I am going to share a list of sub command which is used along with the cp command as below along with the explanation.
mv: This command is basically used to moves files and directories from one directory to another. But it should be noted that if the user is allowed to move the file/directory once, then it is get deleted from the working directory.
syntax:$ mv <flag> {filename} /pathname/
rm: This command is basically used to removes the specified files from a directory. It should be noted that by default, it does not remove any directories. It is a permanent kind of operation where once the file is get removed, the contents of a file cannot be recovered later.
syntax:$ rm <flag> {filename}
grep: This command is mostly get used when we need to search for a particular string/ word in a text file.
syntax:$ grep <flag or element_to_search> {filename}
cat: This command is basically use when we are going to read, modify or concatenate text files. It also displays file contents.
syntax:$ cat <flag> {filename}
Note: I have discussed the important command above which we are going to use more frequently here. But if you need to understand then you can reach to us.
Linux Commands: Working with Directories
ls: This command lists all the contents in the current working directory.
syntax:$ ls <flag>
cd: This command is used to change the current working directory of the user.
syntax:$ cd /pathname/
sort: This command sorts the results of a search either alphabetically or numerically. Files, file contents and directories can be sorted using this command.
syntax:$ sort <flag> {filename}
mkdir: This command is used to create a new directory.
rmdir: This command is used to remove a specified directory. Although by default, it can only remove an empty directory, there are flags which can be deployed to delete the non-empty directories as well.
syntax:$ rmdir <flag> {directoryname}
Linux Commands: Working with User Permissions
chmod: This command is used to change the access permissions of files and directories. Consider the example below.
syntax:$ chmod <permissions of user,group,others> {filename}
Linux Commands: Installing Packages
Here I am going to discuss some of the stable version of Linux OS and their relevant Commands to install them successfully into your system.
install packages: For an RHEL based system;
syntax:$ sudo yum install package-name
For a Debian based system;
syntax:$ sudo apt-get install package-name
For a Fedora based system;
syntax:$ sudo dnf install package-name
Linux Commands: Working with Zipped Files
When we need to work with the Zip files, we need to download a package from the internet. It is free of cost and more reliable. Here the downloaded file gets come in the compressed form. So, you need to unzip it when you are going to use it. Here I am going to discuss some important commands to decompress and compress files in Linux.
tar: The following command is used to zip files of .tar format.
syntax:$ tar –cvf tar-filename source-folder-name
The following command is used to unzip files of .tar format.
syntax:$ tar –xvf tar-file-name
Working with Secure Shell for Remote Machine Access:
To work with the remote system and to get the access for the remote system, we are going to use the following command as discussed below.
ssh: Before going to use this command, let me to clear you that, this is the command which is used to define the cryptographic network protocol. When we are going to use this command for the OS, the operating network services are very much secure over an unsecured network.
The command mentioned below is basically used on running at the slave node. By using this you will give remote access to the master system.
syntax:$ ssh <master’s ip>
The command mentioned below is basically used on running at the master node. By using this you will give remote access to the slave system.
syntax:$ ssh <slave’s ip>
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